Posterior fossa choroidplexus papilloma in the pediatric population: case series and literature review / Papiloma de plexo coroide na fossa posterior na população pediátrica: série de casos e revisão da literatura

Abstract Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are rare benign neoplasms which are particularly uncommon in the posterior fossa in children. We herein present a case series of five patients treated at a tertiary care hospital. A comprehensive literature review was also carried out. The patients treated at the tertiary care hospital were aged between 4 and 16 years. Gross total resection (GTR) was initially achieved in two patients. All patients showed clinical improvement. Moreover, 27 articles published between 1975 and 2021 were selected for the literature review, totaling 46 patients; with the 5 patients previously described, the total sample was composed of 51 cases, With a mean age was 8.2 years. The lesions were located either in the fourth ventricle (65.3%) or the cerebellopontine angle (34.7%). Hydrocephalus was present preoperatively in 66.7% of the patients, and a permanent shunt was required in 31.6% of the cases. The GTR procedure was feasible in 64.5%, and 93.8% showed clinical improvement. For CPPs, GTR is the gold standard treatment and should be attempted whenever feasible, especially because the role of the adjuvant treatment remains controversial. Neuromonitoring is a valuable tool to achieve maximal safe resection. Hydrocephalus is common and must be recognized and promptly treated. Most patients will need a permanent shunt. Though there is still controversy on its efficacy, endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a safe procedure, and was the authors' first choice to treat hydrocephalus.

Resumo Os papilomas do plexo coroide (PPCs) são neoplasias benignas raras e, na população pediátrica, são particularmente incomuns na fossa posterior. Apresentamos uma série de casos de cinco pacientes atendidos em um hospital terciário. Além disso, foi realizada uma ampla revisão da literatura. Os pacientes atendidos no hospital terciário tinham entre 4 e 16 anos. Ressecção macroscópica total (RMT) foi inicialmente realizada em dois pacientes. Todos os pacientes apresentaram melhora clínica. Além disso, 27 artigos publicados entre 1975 e 2021 foram selecionados para a revisão da literatura, totalizando 46 pacientes. Somados à série de casos atuais, encontramos 51 pacientes, com média de idade de 8,2 anos. As lesões localizavam-se no quarto ventrículo (65,3%) ou no ângulo pontocerebelar (34,7%). Hidrocefalia estava presente no pré-operatório em 66,7% dos pacientes, e derivação ventricular permanente foi necessária em 31,6% dos casos. A RMT foi possível em 64,5%, e 93,8% tiveram melhora clínica. Para os CPPs, a RMT é o tratamento padrão-ouro e deve ser tentado sempre que possível, especialmente porque ainda existem controvérsias quanto ao papel do tratamento adjuvante. A neuromonitorização é uma ferramenta importante para se atingir a máxima ressecção segura. A hidrocefalia é comumente vista nesses pacientes e deve ser identificada e tratada. A maioria dos pacientes irá precisar de uma derivação permanente. Apesar de persistirem controvérsias sobre sua eficácia, a terceiro-ventriculostomia endoscópica foi a primeira escolha para tratar a hidrocefalia na experiência dos autores e é uma opção segura.

Clinical-epidemiological characterization of human anal papilloma virus infection coloproctology unit: Central University Hospital Dr. "Antonio Maria Pineda"

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted viral diseases. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the purpose of clinically and epidemiologically characterizing anal HPV infection in patients who attended the Benign Orificial Pathology Consultation of the Coloproctological Unit at the Dr. "Antonio María Pineda" Central University Hospital, during the period March 2022 -February 2023, by selecting 288 patients whose average age was 47.09 ± 14.61 years, being the 41-50 years old group (29.17%) and the 51-60 years old group (19.44%) the most affected groups by pathologies of the anal region, with a predominance of male (54.17%). The sociodemographic characteristics with the highest frequency included married (48.61%) and single (47.22%); secondary level of education (44.44%) and traders (18.05%) and housewives (15, 28%) as predominant occupations. The risk factors were represented by onset of sexual intercourse between 16-20 years of age (65.28%), heterosexuality (91.67%), 22.22% reported having anal sex and 5.56% oral sex. Likewise, 5.56% were reported with a history of genital HPV and 4.17% were HIV positive. In addition, 48.61% stated not to use condoms. The initial clinical diagnosis included hemorrhoidal disease (30.55%), anal fistula (25%) and anal fissure (18.05%), and one patient (1.39%) with anal HPV infection. Anal cytology results showed 8.33% flat epithelial cells with cytopathic changes suggestive of HPV infection and 1.39% squamous cells with cytopathic changes suggestive of HPV infection: 50% mild inflammatory negative for malignancy and 33.33% flat epithelial cells without atypia. In conclusion, the anal cytology investigation should continue to determine the actual frequency of anal HPV infection. (AU)

Conhecimentos de acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano / Knowledge Of Nursing StudentsAbout The Human Papillomavirus Infection

Objetivo: objetivo identificar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos de enfermagem relacionados à temática do Papiloma Vírus Humano. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em uma faculdade de cunho privado. Participaram da pesquisa ocorrida no período de setembro de 2022 um total de156 acadêmicos de enfermagem. Resultados: O estudo demonstrou que 70,5% (110) dos alunos são mulheres, fato este que demonstra ser uma realidade na profissão. Diante dos questionamentos sobre Papiloma Vírus Humano, 94,9% (148) afirmaram que o Papiloma Vírus Humano é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível, ainda assim afirmaram em sua maioria que as mulheres são público alvo do vírus, como também, confirmam que é através do contato com lesões 42,3% (107) que o vírus é transmitido. Conclusão: Dessa forma, após avaliações dos dados obtidos foi possível notar que os acadêmicos ao se matricularem na faculdade já possuem conhecimentos empíricos e ao passarem pelas disciplinas na universidade esse conhecimento tornam-secientíficos. (AU)

Objective: To identify the knowledge of nursing students related to the Human Papilloma Virus theme. Method: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, developed in a private college. A total of156 nursing students participated in the research that occurred in the period of September 2022. Results: The study showed that 70.5% (110) of the students are women, a fact that demonstrates that this is a reality in the profession. When asked about Human Papilloma Virus, 94.9% (148) said that the Human Papilloma Virus is a sexually transmitted infection, yet they mostly said that women are the target of the virus, as well as confirm that it is through contact with lesions that 42.3% (107) that the virus is transmitted. Conclusion: Thus, after evaluating the data obtained, it was possible to notice that when the students enrolled in college they already have empirical knowledge, and by going through the disciplines at the university this knowledge becomes scientific.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos de los estudiantes de enfermería relacionados con el tema Virus del Papiloma Humano. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, desarrollado en una facultad privada. Participaram da pesquisa ocorrida no período de setembro de 2022 um total de156 acadêmicos de enfermagem. Resultados: El estudio mostró que el 70,5% (110) de los estudiantes son mujeres, un hecho que demuestra ser una realidad en la profesión. Frente a las preguntas sobre el Virus del Papiloma Humano, 94,9% (148) dijeron que el Virus del Papiloma Humano es una infección de transmisión sexual, sin embargo, en su mayoría dijeron que las mujeres son el público objetivo del virus, así como confirmar que es a través del contacto con las lesiones 42,3% (107) que el virus se transmite. Conclusión: Así, después de evaluar los datos obtenidos, fue posible notar que los alumnos matriculados en la facultad ya poseen conocimientos empíricos y al pasar por las disciplinas en la universidad estos conocimientos se tornan científicos.(AU)

Contiguous squamous proliferations in syringocystadenoma papilliferum: A retrospective study of 14 cases

Background: Syringocystadenoma papilliferum is a benign adnexal neoplasm. Contiguous squamous proliferation has been rarely described in syringocystadenoma papilliferum. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum and pathogenesis of contiguous squamous proliferation in syringocystadenoma papilliferum. Materials and Methods: All cases of syringocystadenoma papilliferum diagnosed over the past 12 years were screened for contiguous squamous proliferation. Cases with associated nevus sebaceous were excluded from the study. Immunohistochemistry for GATA3, CK7, BRAFV600E and p16 was performed. PCR for human papilloma virus, type 16 and 18, was carried out. Results: Of a total of 30 cases, 14 cases showed associated contiguous squamous proliferation which included four cases of verrucous hyperplasia, six cases with papillomatosis, two cases with mild squamous hyperplasia and one case each of Bowen’s disease and squamous cell carcinoma. In the cases with non-neoplastic contiguous squamous proliferations, the squamous component did not express CK7 or GATA3. However, the squamous component of premalignant and malignant lesions expressed CK7 and GATA3 concordant with the adenomatous component. BRAF was positive in adenomatous component in five cases while the contiguous squamous proliferation component was negative for BRAF in all but one case. p16 was negative in both components of all cases and PCR for human papilloma virus was negative in all cases. Limitations: Due to the rarity of disease, the sample size of our study was relatively small with two cases in the 2nd group, that is, syringocystadenoma papilliferum with malignant contiguous squamous proliferation. Detailed molecular studies such as gene sequencing were not performed. Conclusion: Syringocystadenoma papilliferum with contiguous squamous proliferation is underreported, and most commonly displays verrucous hyperplasia. The premalignant and malignant contiguous squamous proliferations likely arise from syringocystadenoma papilliferum while the hyperplastic contiguous squamous proliferations likely arise from the adjacent epidermis. Relationship with high-risk human papilloma virus is unlikely. However, further molecular analysis of larger number of cases is required to establish the pathogenesis.

Infratentorial atypical choroid plexus papilloma in an adult: A case report and literature review

Atypical choroid plexus papilloma is classified as WHO (World Health Organization) Grade II subtype of choroid plexus tumor, and it has intermediate pathological features, prognosis, and clinical outcome rates between choroid plexus papilloma and choroid plexus carcinoma. These tumors are more common in children compared with adults and are usually located in the lateral ventricles. We present a case of an adult with atypical choroid plexus papilloma located in the infratentorial region. A 41?year?old woman underwent evaluation for headache and dull aching neck pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a well?defined intraventricular mass lesion in the fourth ventricle and foramen of Luschka. She underwent craniotomy and gross total excision of the lesion. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis of atypical choroid plexus papilloma (WHO Grade II). We discuss the various treatment options for this condition and review the relevant literature.

HISTOLOGICAL VARIANTS OF BLADDER TUMORS : DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS – A CASE SERIES

Bladder cancer is one of the leading malignancies in the world associated with signi?cant morbidity and mortality. About 80% of a bladder cancer is urothelial variant, remaining 20% will have a divergent histological presentation. The pathophysiological study of these variants has recently increased because the therapeutic approach is not uniform for all variants. These variants have important diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. A molecular and genetic study of these variants will allow them to be better de?ned. Here we present four cases of Histological variants of bladder tumors with varying presentations in the department of urology, Madurai medical college, which is studied over the period of one year (2022-2023).

Condiloma ano-perineal en una niña de 2 años, 8 meses y tratamiento con podofilina en combinación con ácido glicirricínico y ácido tricloroacético. Reporte de caso / Ano-perineal condyloma in a girl aged 2 years, 8 months and treatment with podophyllin in combination with glycyrrhizinic acid and trichloroacetic acid. Case report

Introducción: Los condilomas o verrugas anogenitales son secundarios a una infección causada por el virus del papiloma humano en sitios específicos, como la piel de la región anogenital, en las mucosas vaginal y anal. Es una infección de transmisión sexual rara en la edad pediátrica, muy frecuente entre los adultos y adolescentes sexualmente activos; la causa en los infantes, sin descartar el abuso sexual podría ser: 1. En el momento del parto, en la etapa neonatal y durante los primeros años; 2. Autoinoculación o hetero-inoculación de los genitales de otros niños, de adultos, familiares como la madre o cuidadores. Podría manifestarse como pequeños papilomas o crecimientos verrugosos en la piel anogenital, en la mucosa de la vagina o el ano. Este caso tiene importancia clínica ya que los tratamientos convencionales presentan recidivas a corto plazo y muchos de ellos no son bien tolerados por los pequeños pacientes. Hay tratamientos agresivos como la criocirugía; el uso de medicamentos costosos como el Imiquimod; sin embargo, las reci-divas son muy frecuentes con estos tratamientos convencionales.Objetivo: Describir el uso de un esquema de terapia de tratamiento con podofilina en combina-ción con ácido glicirricínico y ácido tricloroacético, en una paciente pediátrica con diagnóstico de condiloma ano-perineal, para ayudar a disminuir las recidivas, los costos y sobre todo los efectos psicológicos que provocan los métodos dolorosos en los pequeños pacientes. Presentación del caso: Paciente que presentó lesiones verrucosas, puntiagudos en la región ano-perineal; y, luego de haber sido intervenida en un centro de salud por varios días mediante la topicación sobre las lesiones una solución de ácido tricloro acético a 5% combinada con podofi-lina al 50%; sin embargo, el cuadro se exacerbó extendiéndose las lesiones hasta cerca del área genital. Luego de lo cual acudió a nuestra consulta, donde además de la combinación anterior, más la adición de ácido glicirricinico tópico y logrando a los 30 días la remisión de las lesiones.Conclusiones y recomendaciones: La combinación de una sustancia corrosiva, el ácido tricloro acético, con una sustancia que detiene la multiplicación celular como la podofilina; y el ácido glicirricinico el cual disminuye la replicación de los virus en un estadio temprano, impide la salida del virión de su cápside y con esto su penetración a las células. La aplicación de esta triple terapia mejoró los resultados para condilomatosis en pacientes pediátricos.

Introduction: Anogenital condylomas or warts are secondary to an infection caused by the human papillomavirus in specific sites, such as the skin of the anogenital region, in the vaginal and anal mucosa. It is a rare sexually transmitted infection in pediatric age, very common among sexually active adults and adolescents; The cause in infants, without ruling out sexual abuse, could be: 1. At the time of birth, in the neonatal stage and during the first years; 2. Autoinoculation or he-tero-inoculation of the genitals of other children, adults, family members such as the mother or caregivers. It could manifest as small papillomas or warty growths on the anogenital skin, on the mucosa of the vagina or anus. This case has clinical importance since conventional treatments present short-term recurrences and many of them are not well tolerated by young patients. There are aggressive treatments such as cryosurgery; the use of expensive medications such as Imiqui-mod; However, recurrences are very common with these conventional treatments.Objective: To describe the use of a treatment regimen with podophyllin in combination with glycyrr-hizinic acid and trichloroacetic acid, in a pediatric patient diagnosed with anoperineal condyloma, to help reduce recurrences, costs and, above all, psychological effects. that painful methods cause in young patients.Case presentation: The patient presents sharp, verrucous lesions in the ano-perineal region; and, after having been operated on in a health center for several days by topicalizing a 5% trichloroace-tic acid solution combined with 50% podophyllin on the lesions; However, the condition worsened, with the lesions extending close to the genital area. After which he came to our consultation, where in addition to the previous combination, plus the addition of topical glycyrrhizinic acid and achie-ving remission of the lesions after 30 days.Conclusions and recomendations: The combination of a corrosive substance, trichloroacetic acid, with a substance that stops cell multiplication such as podophyllin; and glycyrrhizinic acid, which decreases virus replication at an early stage, prevents the release of the virion from its cap-sid and thus its penetration into the cells. The application of this triple therapy improved the results for condylomatosis in pediatric patients.

Papilomatosis laringea recurrente con compromiso pulmonar: reporte de caso / Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis with pulmonary involvement: case report

La papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente es una enfermedad neoplásica causada por el virus del papiloma humano y caracterizada por el crecimiento de lesiones proliferativas exofíticas que afectan la mucosa de las vías respiratorias. En su epidemiología se presenta una distribución bimodal, con una forma juvenil en menores de 20 años, más agresiva, con múltiples lesiones papilomatosas y alta frecuencia de recurrencia, en comparación con la forma adulta. El compromiso pulmonar es poco frecuente y su manejo es un desafío. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 13 años con antecedente de papilomatosis laríngea desde los dos años. El paciente mostró dificultad respiratoria y múltiples nódulos estenosantes en laringe y tráquea, y varios quistes pulmonares visualizados en la tomografía de tórax. Se le realizó exéresis de las lesiones papilomatosas y traqueostomía. Recibió dosis única de bevacizumab 400 mg intravenoso y terapias respiratorias con evolución favorable, sin recurrencias en el seguimiento.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a neoplastic disease caused by the human papillomavirus and characterized by the growth of exophytic proliferative lesions affecting the mucosa of the respiratory tract. This condition has a bimodal age distribution; the juvenile form affects those under 20 years of age, is more aggressive and presents multiple papillomatous lesions and high frequency of recurrence, compared to the adult form. Pulmonary involvement is rare and challenging to treat. We present the case of a 13-year-old male with a history of laryngeal papillomatosis since the age of two years. The patient showed respiratory distress and multiple stenosing nodules in the larynx and trachea, as well as several pulmonary cysts identified on chest CT. The patient underwent excision of the papillomatous lesions and tracheostomy. Then, the patient received a single dose of intravenous bevacizumab 400 mg and respiratory therapies with favorable evolution, without recurrences during follow-up.

Tamizaje con citología anal en mujeres con lesiones premalignas del cuello uterino / Anal cytology screening in women with premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix / Rastreamento de citologia anal em mulheres com lesões pré-malignas do colo do útero

Objetivo: nuestro objetivo principal fue evaluar la prevalencia de citología anal patológica en mujeres con antecedentes de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical. Métodos: se trata de un estudio de cohorte transversal desde mayo de 2018 a agosto de 2020 en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Se estudiaron dos cohortes: una de mujeres que tenían diagnóstico de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical y otra de control de mujeres sanas que asistieron al control, con una proporción de 2:1. Se calculó un tamaño muestral total de 205 pacientes, siendo 135 pacientes con NIC con un IC del 95%, suponiendo una prevalencia del 10% de lesiones preneoplásicas anales. El tamaño muestral de la cohorte control fue de 70 pacientes según la relación preestablecida. Resultados: se encontró asociación entre la presencia de lesiones premalignas cervicales y anomalías epiteliales detectadas en la citología anal, con un cociente de prevalencia de 1,77 (IC del 95%: 1,19-2,62) y un odds ratio de 2,69 (1,36-5,30). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variables de raza, tipo de relación sexual o tabaquismo. Conclusiones: nuestro estudio concluye que existe una asociación entre la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical relacionada con el VPH y la citología anal patológica.

Objective: the main objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of anal cytology in women with a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Method: cohort transversal study conducted from May, 2018 until August, 2020 at Pereira Rossell Hospital. Two cohorts were studied, one of which included women with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and the other one included healthy women who attended their routine follow up, in a 2:1 ratio. The total size of the sample was 205 patients, 135 of which were patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (confidence interval being 95%), presuming a 10% prevalence of anal pre-neoplasic lesions. The sample size of the control cohort was 70 patients as per the pre-defined ratio. Results: a association was found between the presence of malignant lesions of the cervix and epithelial anomalies detected in the anal cytology, with a prevalence coefficient of 1.77 (CI: 95%: 1,19 - 2,62) and odds ratio of 2,69 (1,36 - 5,30). No significant differences were found between race, type of sexual relationships or smoking variables. Conclusions: our study concludes there is an association between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV and pathological anal screening.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de citologia anal patológica em mulheres com história de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte transversal de maio de 2018 a agosto de 2020, no Hospital Pereira Rossell. Foram estudadas duas coortes, uma de mulheres com diagnóstico de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical e outra de controle de mulheres saudáveis que compareceram ao controle na proporção de 2:1. Foi calculada uma amostra total de 205 pacientes, 135 pacientes com NIC com um IC de 95%, assumindo uma prevalência de 10% de lesões pré-neoplásicas anais. O tamanho da amostra da coorte controle foi de 70 pacientes de acordo com a relação pré-estabelecida. Resultados: Foi encontrada associação entre a presença de lesões pré-malignas cervicais e anormalidades epiteliais detectadas na citologia anal, com razão de prevalência de 1,77 (IC 95%: 1,19 - 2,62) e odds ratio 2,69 (1,36-5,30). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas variáveis raça, tipo de relação sexual ou tabagismo. Conclusões: Nossos resultados mostram uma associação entre neoplasia intraepitelial cervical relacionada ao HPV e citologia anal patológica.

Effects of Onodera′s prognostic nutritional index on the prognosis of locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after induction chemotherapy followed by sequential chemoradiotherapy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of Onodera′s prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on the prognosis of locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-OPSCC) after induction chemotherapy followed by sequential chemoradiotherapy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 52 LA-OPSCC patients receiving induction chemotherapy followed by sequential chemoradiotherapy in The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University during 2014-2018. The PNI values of all the patients at different treatment phases were statistically analyzed, and the ROC curve was employed to determine the optimal critical value of PNI. The patients in this study were divided into a well-nourished group ( n = 27) and a poorly-nourished group ( n = 25). The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to analyze the relationships between different nutritional status and prognosis. Clinical features and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:The PNI values decreased significantly after radiotherapy, with an optimal critical value of 42.4. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the well-nourished group (PNI ≥ 42.4) were 62.6% and 60.9%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those (30.1% and 29.7%) of the poorly-nourished group (PNI < 42.4, χ2 = 11.12, 5.74, P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that PNI was an independent prognostic factor for the OS after radiotherapy ( HR = 2.752, 95% CI: 1.095-6.917, P = 0.031). The LA-OPSCC patients aged over 60 years or those who did not respond to induction chemotherapy accounted for a higher proportion of malnutrition after chemoradiotherapy ( χ2 = 4.89, 5.05, P < 0.05). Conclusions:PNI after radiotherapy can be used as a prognostic factor in the evaluation of LA-OPSCC patients receiving induction chemotherapy followed by sequential chemoradiotherapy. The LA-OPSCC patients aged over 60 years or those who do not respond to induction chemotherapy should receive more nutritional support during the chemoradiotherapy.

T helper cell and regulatory T-cell related cytokines changes in vaginal lavage fluid of patients with high risk-human papilloma virus 16 positive and the predictive effect on the development of cervical neoplasms / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the changes of T helper cell (Th), regulatory T-cell (Treg cell) related cytokines in vaginal lavage fluid of patients with high risk-human papilloma virus 16 (HR-HPV16) positive and its predictive effect on the development of cervical neoplasms.Methods:A total of 200 cases of HR-HPV16 positive patients who admitted to Xingtai People's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the experimental group. According to the results of pathological examination, all patients in the experimental group were divided into non pathological group (78 cases), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) group (49 cases), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) group (39 cases) and cervical cancer group (34 cases); and 100 healthy people undergoing the physical examination in the same period were taken as the healthy control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) double-antibody sandwich method was used to detect the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in vaginal lavage fluid of patients in different groups. Multivariate logistics regression was used to analyze the risk factors of cervical cancer, and a nomogram model was established. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was drawn with pathological results as the gold standard, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive ability of the nomogram model.Results:The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β in vaginal lavage fluid of patients in the experimental group were higher than those in the healthy control group, while the levels of IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ in the experimental group were lower than those in the healthy control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05); the difference in IL-4 level of both groups was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ among non pathological group, LSIL group, HSIL group and cervical cancer group (all P < 0.05); the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β in cervical cancer group were the highest, the levels of IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ were the lowest; the level of IL-4 in non pathological group, LSIL group, HSIL group and cervical cancer group had no statistically significant difference ( P > 0.05). Logistics regression analysis showed that low IL-2, high IL-4, high IL-6, high IL-10, low IL-12, high IL-17, high TNF-α, low IFN- γ and low TGF-β expressions in vaginal lavage fluid of patients with HR-HPV16 positive were independent risk factors for the development of cervical cancer (all P < 0.05). The results of nomogram analysis showed that IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β in vaginal lavage fluid were the factors predicting the development of cervical cancer in HR-HPV16 positive patients. The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of nomogram model in predicting the development of cervical cancer in HR-HPV16 positive patients was 0.945 (95% CI 0.901-0.988), and the predictive efficacy was good. Conclusions:Th and Treg cell related cytokines levels in vaginal lavage fluid of patients with HR-HPV16 positive show pathological changes in cervical cancer patients and the above indicators have a high value in predicting the development of cervical cancer.

Awareness of human papillomavirus vaccine knowledge and willingness to receive human papillomavirus vaccination among women in Hainan Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine knowledge among women in Hainan Province and the willingness to receive HPV vaccination among women and their daughters, so as to provide insights into HPV vaccine promotion and cervical cancer control. @*Methods@#Women aged 20 to 64 years who participated in the cervical cancer screening program in Hainan Province from July 2021 to February 2022 were enrolled, and participants' demographics, awareness of knowledge about HPV vaccine, and willingness to receive HPV vaccination among themselves and their daughters using a questionnaire survey. The factors affecting willingness to receive HPV vaccination were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 4 300 questionnaires were allocated and 4 023 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 93.56%. The respondents had a mean age of (35.52±6.48) years, and their daughters had a mean age of (8.93±4.83) years. There were 826 participants knowing HPV vaccine-related knowledge, with an awareness rate of 20.35%. The proportions of willingness to receive HPV vaccination were 75.07% among respondents and 71.36% among their daughters. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (20 to <30 years, OR=1.474, 95%CI: 1.167-1.862; 30 to <40 years, OR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.199-1.765), urban-registered residence (OR=1.251, 95%CI: 1.016-1.541), monthly household income (3 000 to <5 000 Yuan, OR=1.568, 95%CI: 1.314-1.873; 5 000 Yuan and more, OR=1.231, 95%CI: 1.014-1.496), affordable fees for a single dose of HPV vaccination (100 to <500 Yuan, OR=1.358, 95%CI: 1.159-1.590; 500 Yuan and higher, OR=1.609, 95%CI: 1.188-2.180), and awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge (OR=4.473, 95%CI: 3.416-5.855) as factors affecting respondents' willingness to receive HPV vaccination, and participation in New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance (OR=1.652, 95%CI: 1.087-2.511), affordable fees for a single dose of HPV vaccination (100 to <500 Yuan, OR=1.905, 95%CI: 1.633-2.221; 500 Yuan and higher, OR=1.683, 95%CI: 1.275-2.223), awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge (OR=3.625, 95%CI: 2.847-4.615), daughter's active request for HPV vaccination (OR=1.695, 95%CI: 1.293-2.222), and frequency of sexual health education for daughters (frequently, OR=2.142, 95%CI: 1.789-2.564; occasionally, OR=1.707, 95%CI: 1.416-2.059) as factors affecting the willingness to receive HPV vaccination among respondents' daughters. @*Conclusions@#The awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge is low among women aged 20 to 64 years in Hainan Province, and the women's and their daughters' willingness to receive HPV vaccination is associated with age, household registration, economic level, price of HPV vaccine and awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge.

Effect of silencing E6-associated protein on level of p53 protein in human papilloma virus negative cervical cancer cells / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To investigate the effect of silencing E6-associated protein(E6AP)on the level of p53 protein in human papilloma virus(HPV)negative cervical cancer cells(C33A cells).Methods The siRNA sequence silencing E6AP(siE6AP)and silencing control disordered siRNA sequence(siControl)were transfected into C33A cells with the mediation of LipofectamineTM2000 transfection reagent respectively.The silencing effect of siRNA on E6AP and the expression of p53and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of E6AP protein in C33A cells of siE6AP group were significantly lower(t =-4.597,P<0.05),while the levels of p53 and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins were significantly higher than those of siControl group(t = 4.533 and 7.099 respectively,each P<0.05).Conclusion Silencing of E6AP significantly increased the expression of p53 protein in C33A cells,indicating that silencing of E6AP may restore the activity and function of p53 protein in C33A cells.

Application experience of prelacrimal recess combined with septotomy in resection of recurrent inverted papilloma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of nasal endoscopic anterior lacrimal recess approach combined with temporary fenestration of the nasal septum in resecting recurrent nasal inverted papilloma. Methods:Patients with recurrent nasal inverted papilloma who underwent reoperation in our hospital during the past 2 years were included . The nasal septum may hinder full access to and effective treatment of the lesions at the anterior and medial wall of the maxillary sinus by endoscope, aspirator and surgical instrument in the narrow aperture of the prelacrimal recess, although these lesions could be observed by 70° nasal endoscope. Results:The nasal septum is temporarily opened on the basis of the prelacrimal recess approach, and the nasal endoscope and instrument was introduced through trans-septal window, so as to provide a better view of the operative field and the angular range of the instrument's movement. Conclusion:The recurrent nasal inverted papilloma could be successfully managed by re-endoscopic anterior lacrimal recess approach combined with temporary fenestration of the nasal septum, and no recurrence was observed during the 2-year follow-up. This surgical approach is recommended for the inverted papilla which originates from the anterior medial wall of the maxillary sinus, as the tumor can be removed completely using this surgical approach.

Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is associated with a higher prevalence of HPV in the anorectal fistula tract. A comparative study

Abstract Background & Aims Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is the main risk factor for anal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Whether this occurs due to a higher frequency of human papillomavirus remains unclear. The authors aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV and high-risk HPV in patients with perianal Crohn's disease, compared with a control group. Methods The authors conducted a two-center cross-sectional study in which perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease patients were matched for age and sex with patients with anorectal fistula without Crohn's disease. Biopsy specimens were obtained from fistulous tracts during examination under anesthesia for both groups. The samples were sent for HPV detection and genotyping using the INNO-LiPA test. Results A total of 108 subjects (54 in each group) were recruited. The perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease group showed a statistically higher frequency of HPV in the fistulous tract than the control group (33.3% vs. 16.7%; p = 0.046). Separate analyses on high-risk types demonstrated that there was a numerically higher frequency of HPV in the perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease group. In multiple logistic regression, patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease were found to have a chance of HPV 3.29 times higher than patients without Crohn's disease (OR = 3.29; 95% CI 1.20‒9.01), regardless of other variables. The types most frequently identified in the perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease group were HPV 11 (12.96%) and HPV 16 (9.26%). Conclusion Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is associated with a higher prevalence of HPV than in patients with anorectal fistula without Crohn's disease.

Papiloma humano según la percepción de estudiantes universitarios / Human papilloma according to the perception of university students

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el conocimiento sobre el Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Se realizó una investigación con alcance descriptivo y transaccional, con una población constituida por 3000 estudiantes universitarios, y una muestra probabilística de 332. La técnica empleada fué la encuesta y el instrumento de recolección de la información, un cuestionario con 15 preguntas. El conocimiento de esta enfermedad se determinó mediante una escala de valoración en las siguientes categorías: Insuficiente: de 1-3; Regular: 4-6; Bueno: 7-9; Muy Bueno; 10-12 y Excelente: 13-15. Se realizó la prueba de Kolmogorov- Smirnov para determinar la normalidad de la distribución de datos y la prueba del Chi-cuadrado para la comprobación de las hipótesis planteadas, los datos se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS 21,0. Se concluye que existe una asociación significativa entre el grado de conocimiento del papiloma humano con la edad y el sexo de los estudiantes universitarios(AU)

The objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge about the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in university students in the city of Guayaquil. An investigation with a descriptive and cross-sectional scope was carried out, with a population made up of 3000 university students, and a probabilistic sample of 332. The technique used was the survey and the data collection instrument, a questionnaire with 15 questions. Knowledge of this disease was determined using an assessment scale in the following categories: Insufficient: 1-3; Regular: 4-6; Good: 7-9; Very good; 10-12 and Excellent: 13-15. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to determine the normality of the data distribution and the Chi-square test to verify the hypotheses proposed, the data was processed with the SPSS 25.0 statistical package. It is concluded that there is a significant association between the degree of knowledge of the human papilloma with the age and sex of university students(AU)

Prognostic significance of p16, VEGF, and p53 expression patterns, Krouse stage, and smoking status in sinonasal inverted papillomas

Aim: The aim of our study is to analyze the staining models for VEGF, p16, and p53, as well as to understand the biology of inverted papilloma caused by smoking. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one cases, diagnosed with sinonasal inverted papilloma between 2015 and 2019, were included. Demographic data such as age and gender, admission symptoms of the patients, and anatomical location, stage, surgical technique, and recurrence information were obtained from clinical follow-up files. Immunohistochemical staining for p16, VEGF, and p53 were performed on patient materials. Results: In our study, the female to male ratio was 9.33 with an average age of 53.137 ± 13.96 years. Of the patients, 17 were nonsmokers and 14 were smokers. No significant relationship was found between smoking status and relapse and dysplasia. In contrast, a significant relationship between the Krouse stage and dysplasia (P = 0.005) was observed. A similar significant relationship was observed between p16 immunohistochemical expression and dysplasia (P = 0.030). On the other hand, VEGF and p53 immunohistochemical expressions were not significantly related with dysplasia and recurrence. Conclusions: Inverted papillomas are benign tumors that clinically give symptoms similar to nasal polyps. However, recurrence and malignant transformation potential exist and the factors causing this risk are not clearly identified. In our study, no malignant transformation was observed in patients who were admitted to our hospital.

Resultados terapéuticos de la papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente en otorrinolaringología Hospital de Clínicas periodo 2005 a 2020 / Therapeutic results of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in otorhinolaryngology Hospital de Clinicas period 2005 to 2020

Introducción: La papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente es el crecimiento de lesiones papilomatosas en el tracto aerodigestivo causada por el virus del papiloma humano, aparece más entre los 3 y 6 años (juvenil) y entre la tercera y quinta décadas (adulta). Los síntomas suelen ser disfonía y dificultad respiratoria. La terapéutica consiste en la resección de lesiones y terapia adyuvante (bevacizumab e interferón). Su curso es variable, tiende a recidivar y maligniza en 3-7%, más en adultos. Objetivos: Describir resultados terapéuticos de la papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente en nuestro servicio. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo con asociación cruzada, transversal, retrospectivo, muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos, de pacientes con papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente operados en la Cátedra y Servicio Otorrinolaringología del Hospital de Clínicas en el periodo 2005-2020. Resultados: Se estudiaron 40 pacientes, 65% hombres y 35% mujeres; 35% adultos y 65% juveniles. La media de edad fue 16,05±18,042 años; en los casos juveniles fue 4,69±2,908 años, en los adultos 37,14±14,94 años. Se observaron alteraciones de la voz en el 100% y de la mecánica respiratoria en el 72,5%. Se contabilizaron 119 procedimientos, en 11 pacientes se realizó solamente resección, 29 con adyuvancia, de estos 22,5% recibieron bevacizumab y 50% interferón. No hubo diferencia significativa en la media de tiempo sin lesiones entre jóvenes y adultos (p>0,05), pero si según la terapéutica con tendencia favorable con la adyuvancia, sobre todo con bevacizumab. Se constató displasia en 10% y malignización en 2,5%. La afectación fue: glotis 100% (cuerda vocal derecha 92,5%, izquierda 82,5%, ambas 77,5%, comisura anterior 62,5%), supraglotis 20% y subglotis 10%. El promedio de número de áreas afectas fue 3,34±1,274, hubo una diferencia significativa (p<0,05) entre los casos adultos (2,071±0,379) y juveniles (3,846±1,015) constatándose mayor afectación en este último. Conclusión: La mayor parte fueron casos juveniles masculinos. Las zonas más afectas fueron la glotis, sobre todo cuerdas vocales. En jóvenes se vio mayor número de regiones afectas. Todos presentaban disfonía o afonía, seguido por dificultad respiratoria. Las terapéuticas fueron resección quirúrgica sola o asociada a adyuvancia (bevacizumab o Interferón). El tiempo de recurrencia fue mayor al emplear adyuvancia terapéutica con tendencia favorable hacia el bevacizumab. La malignización ocurrió en un caso.

Introduction: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is the growth of papillomatous lesions in the aerodigestive tract caused by human papillomavirus, appears more between the ages of 3 and 6 years (juvenile) and between the third and fifth decades (adult). Symptoms are usually dysphonia and respiratory distress. The therapy consists of resection of lesions and adjuvant therapy (bevacizumab and interferon). Its course is variable, it tends to recur and malignancy occurs in 3-7%, more in adults. Objectives: To describe therapeutic results of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in our service. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, cross-sectional, retrospective, retrospective, non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases, of patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis operated in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas in the period 2005-2020. Results: We studied 40 patients, 65% male and 35% female; 35% adults and 65% juveniles. Mean age was 16.05±18.042 years. In juvenile cases the mean age was 4.69±2.908 years, in adults 37.14±14.94 years. Voice alterations were observed in 100% and respiratory mechanics in 72.5%. There were 119 procedures, 11 laryngeal microsurgery alone, 29 associated with adjuvant, of these 22.5% received bevacizumab and 50% interferon. There was no significant difference in the mean time without lesions between young people and adults (p>0.05), but there was a favorable trend with adjuvant therapy, especially with bevacizumab. Dysplasia was found in 10% and malignization in 2.5%. The involvement was: glottis 100% (right vocal cord 92.5%, left 82.5%, both 77.5%, anterior commissure 62.5%), supraglottis 20% and subglottis 10%. The average number of affected areas was 3.34±1.274, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between adult (2.071±0.379) and juvenile (3.846±1.015) cases, with greater involvement in the latter. Conclusion: Most of the cases were juvenile male cases. The most affected areas were the glottis, especially vocal cords. A greater number of affected regions were seen in young people. All presented dysphonia or aphonia, followed by respiratory distress. Therapeutics were surgical resection alone or associated with adjuvant therapy (bevacizumab or interferon). The time to recurrence was longer when adjuvant therapy was used, with a favorable trend towards bevacizumab. Malignization occurred in one case.

Perfil de infecciones por VPH en lesiones cervicales / HPV infection profile in cervical lesions

Resumen Introducción: La prevalencia de los diferentes genotipos de virus del papiloma humano (VPH) varía dependiendo de la severidad de la lesión y región geográfica. Objetivo: Identificar infecciones múltiples de VPH en lesiones cervicales de bajo y alto grado en un grupo de mujeres del Bajío mexicano referidas con citología no concluyente. Métodos: Estudio piloto de mujeres referidas de unidades del primer nivel de atención de Guanajuato, México, por citología sugerente de lesión cervical. Los raspados cervicales fueron sujetos a extracción de ADN y genotipificación del VPH mediante microarreglos. Resultados: Se colectaron 100 casos consecutivos y fueron analizados 90; se observó 26 % de positividad a VPH en mujeres sanas y 62 % presentó algún grado de lesión. Los genotipos de VPH más frecuentes fueron 59, 31, 16 y 51. En la mayoría de las muestras se encontró infección múltiple. Conclusiones: Se identificó heterogeneidad de VPH en las muestras de la población estudiada en contraste con los reportes internacionales; además, son comunes las infecciones múltiples en lesiones precursoras y disminuyen en las lesiones de alto grado. Estos datos podrían influir en los actuales programas de vacunación anti-VPH.

Abstract Introduction: The prevalence of the different genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) varies depending on lesion severity and geographic region Objective: To identify multiple HPV infections in low- and high-grade cervical lesions in a group of women from the Mexican Bajío region referred with inconclusive cytology. Methods: Pilot study of women referred from primary care units of Guanajuato, Mexico, with cytology suggestive of cervical lesion. Cervical smears were subjected to DNA extraction and HPV genotyping using microarrays. Results: 100 consecutive cases were collected and 90 were analyzed; HPV positivity was observed in 26% of healthy women, 62% had some degree of cervical lesion. The most common HPV genotypes were 59, 31, 16 and 51. Multiple infections were found in most samples. Conclusions: HPV heterogeneity was identified in the samples of the study population in contrast to worldwide reports; furthermore, multiple infections are common in precursor lesions and decrease in high-grade lesions. These data could have an impact on current HPV vaccination programs.

Tratamento de papiloma de células escamosas, uma lesão exofítica: relato de caso / Treatment of squamous cell papilloma, an exophytic lesion: case report

O papilomavírus humano (HPV) é a doença sexualmente transmissível mais comum em todo o mundo, mais de 150 tipos de HPV já foram identificados, sendo que 25 tipos estão associados a lesões em cavidade oral e genital. O diagnóstico e tratamento precoce das lesões por HPV são importantes para um melhor prognóstico do paciente. O presente estudo objetiva relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente com papiloma de células escamosas. Trata-se portanto de um tumor benigno, onde o tratamento consiste na remoção completa da lesão com a devida margem de segurança. Recidivas são incomuns, contudo o paciente deve manter acompanhamento odontológico periódico, e encaminhado para acompanhamento médico(AU)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide, with more than 150 types of HPV identified. Among types, 25 of which are associated with lesions in the oral and genital cavity. Early diagnosis and treatment of HPV lesions are important for a better patient prognosis. The study aim to report the clinical case of a patient with squamous cell papilloma. It is, therefore, a benign tumor, where treatment consists of complete removal of the lesion with the necessary safety margin. Relapses are uncommon, but the patient must maintain periodic dental care and be referred for medical follow-up(AU)